Author Jeannie Fulbright and technical editor and content contributor Damian Ludwiczak, who is an engineer at NASA, partnered together with Apologia to create the 2nd edition of Astronomy. Some changes made to the Astronomy course include:

• Each of the 14 lessons have been updated with current scientific data
• New illustrations were created
• Wisdom from Above and Think About This callout boxes were added to give special attention to God as Creator
• All activities are clearly defined within the textbook
• The status of Pluto was changed to a dwarf planet, so the content in Lessons 11-14 was reworked to accommodate this.

The first  10 lesson topics are the same: